Water Softening Systems
A water softener reduces the Total Hardness from feed water i.e. dissolved calcium and magnesium salts presence in feed water. These "hardness ions" cause undesired effects like forming scales to the surfaces of pipes and heat exchanger surfaces which turns into ineffective heat transfer. The water to be treated passes through a bed of the resin. The resins initially contain univalent sodium ions, which exchange with divalent calcium and magnesium ions in the water due to adsorption process.
